by; ud;Dldfjys oelafjk wmpdr"wmfhdack hk jpk wmg ksrka;rfhkau
wid yqremqreÿh'fuu jpk fol iudk woyila m%ldY lsÍu i|yd fhdod.kq ,enqjo ieneúkau
fuu jpk fofla w¾: tlsfklg fjkiah'tkï wmpdr hkafkka wm.dñ p¾hdjka ke;fyd;a ,uqka
jerÈ p¾hdjlg fhduq lsÍu woyia flf¾'wmfhdack hkafkka woyia flfrkqfha ,uqka jerÈ
l%shdjka i|yd fhdod .ekSuh"jerÈ l%shdjla fhdackd lsÍu"<uhl=g jerÈ
l%shdjla lsÍu hkdÈhhs'Henri Kempe kï iudc úoHd{hd <ud wmfhdack w¾: olajkafka
th <uhl=f.a YdÍßl udkisl j¾Okh ì| jefgk l%shdjla f,iskah'
<ud wmfhdack m%Odk jYfhka fldgia y;rlg wkqj ú.%y flf¾'ta fufiah
fkdi,ld yeÍu'
ldhsl wmfhdackh'
udkisl $ Ñ;a; fõ.d;aul wmfhdackh'
,sx.sl wmfhdackh'
fuysÈ Ydßßl jYfhka
<uhskag isÿlrkq ,nk m%pKav C%shdjka yd ,sx.sl w;jr uq,a ;ekla f.k wjOdrKh lr
we;'<ud wmfhdackhla mjq, ;=, fukau mjqf,ka msg;È jqjo isÿúh yel'wmfhdackhl
iajNdjh fufia fmkajd Èh yel'
mjq, ;=, isÿúh yels wmfhdack'
orejdg myrfoñka joysxid isÿlsÍu
orejd fkdi,ld yeÍu"foudmsh wdorh fifkyi ,nd fkd§u'
mjqf,a whl= úiska ,sx.sl wmfhdackhla isÿlsÍu'th
ishd"mshd"ifydaorhd fyda fjk;a {d;sfhl=f.ka isÿúh yel'
mdi,a fkdhjd fufyldr fiajh i|yd fhduqlsÍu'
;u orejd isÕufka fhoùu
yelshdj ;sìh§;a fmdaIKh wdrlaIdj ,nd fkd§u'
;u orejka .‚ld jD;a;sfha fhoùu
orejka w;yerod hdu
u;aøjH i|yd fhduqlsÍu
fuf,i wmfhdackhkg f.dÿre jk <uqka miqld,Skj iudc úfrdaêl%shdjkays
ksr;jk nj olakg ,efí'miq.sh Èkj, furg wdkafoda,kd;aul mqj;a ujkakl= jQ
fjf,aiqod jekakjqka l=vd l,isgu úúOdldrfha wmfhdackhkg f.dÿreù we;s nj
meyeÈ,sh'by; olajd we;s wdldrfhka mjq,;=, fukau mjqf,ka msg;§o <uqka
wmfhdackhlg ,la úh yel'tkï
{d;s ksjilÈ
ñ;=rl=f.a ksjilÈ
mdif,aÈ
mdi,a jeka r:fhaÈ
fmdÿ m%jdyk fiajhlÈ
fkajdisld.drfhaÈ
ksjiska msg; fjk;a ´ku
ia:dkhlÈ
tjeks ia:dkhlÈ isÿúh yels wmfhdack fudkjdo @
myrfoñka joysxid isÿlsÍu'
;¾ckh lsÍu"ìh .kajd whq;= l%shdjka ioyd fhdojd .ekSu'
<uqka isÕufka fhoùu'
fufyldr fiajfha fhoùu'
hqO lghq;= j, fhoùu'
.‚ld jD;a;sfha fhoùu
<uqka úlskSu
<uqka iu. ,sx.slj tlaùu
u;ameka"u;aøjH ,nd§u
wiNH oE fmkaùu"wiNH oE m%ldY lrñka ,sx.sl l%shdjka i|yd fmd,Ujd
.ekSug W;aiy oeÍu hkdÈh
<uqkaf.a ,sxf.akaøsh iam¾Y lsÍu fyda ;u ,sxf.akaøsh <uqkg
m%o¾Ykh lsÍu'
,sx.sl wmfhdackhla hkq l=ulao @
<uqka l=uk wdldrhlska fyda ,sx.sl l%shdjla i|yd fhdojd.ekSu
,sx.sl wmfhdackhls',xld oKav kS;s ix.%yfha 1995 wxl 222 orK ixfYdaOk mkf;a 286
^w& I j.ka;shg wkqj <uqkag wiNH foa fmkaùu wiNH oE m%ldY lrñka ,sx.sl l%shdjka i|yd
fmd,Ujd .ekSug W;aiy oeÍu kS;sfhka jrola jk w;r ta i|yd jir follg fkdwvq jir
oyh fkdhslaujQ isro~qjula kshu l, yel'tfukau jhi wjqreÿ 18 wvq orejl= wiNH
o¾Ykhlg Ñ;%mghlg fhdojd .ekSu fyda tjka o¾Yk we;=,;a Ñ;%mg"iÕrd ,Õ ;nd
.ekSu"úls‚u"m%ldYhg m;alsÍu"hkdÈho by; jrogu wh;a fõ'
<ud wmfhdackh yd Y%s ,xldfõ ;;a;ajh
Y%S ,xldfõ ck.ykfhka 1$3
wdikakj oi ,laI 6'2la ÿmam;alñka fmf<;s' fuh <uqkaf.a wOHdmkhg"
fi!LHhg yd hy meje;aug n,mdhs' we;eïúg orejka m%pKav;ajhg wmfhdackhg fyda
<ud iQrdlEï j,g f.dÿre fj;s' oeä ÿmam;alu we;s ;ekays ukaofmdaIKhg f.dÿre jk
w;r Ôú;ho wk;=rg md;%fjhs' weia;fïka;= wkqj Y%S ,xldfõ jhi wjq( 5g wvq
<uhskaf.ka 38]la ;u m<uq WmkaÈkhg fmr ñh h;s' oaú;shsl mdi,a jYfhka isák
<uqkaf.ka 15]la mdi,a fkdh;s' hqoaOh <uqkag Wkaysá;eka wysñ lrk w;ru
fi!LH myiqlï o wysñ lr ;sfí' iuyr <uhska ixj¾Okh i|yd jk ksis ie<ls,a,
fyda wjia:dj fkdue;sj wdh;kh ;=< o" jdihg fkdiqÿiq ùÈj, yd uqvqlal= j,
o" Èú f.j;s
1970ka miq foaYmd,k fjkiaùï
1997 újD; wd¾Ól rgdj ;=<g újD; ùu iuÕ ixpdrl jHdmdrh yd ;rÕldÍ iudc rgdjg
fhduqùu ;=<ska <ud wmfhdackhka j¾Okh jQ nj;a fuhg ÿmam;alu"
hqoaOh" f.da,Sh wd¾Ól rgdjo n,mE nj fmkS hhs' fï ;=< <ud ,sx.sl
wmfhdackh" .‚ld fiajh" fufyldr fiajh" úfoaYslhkag <uhska
úlsŒu" uyu. orejka yerod hdu" oeßhka ÿIKh lr urd oeóu" u;a øjH
<uhska w;r fnod yeÍu j¾Okh ù we;'hqoaOh f,dalfha jHdma;j mj;sk w;r fï ;=<
<uhskag isÿù we;s wmfhdackhka j¾Okh ù we;' fuys§ úúO ;%ia;jd§" foaYmd,k
.egqï ksidfjka Èfkka Èk wj;ekafjñka" ujqmshka wysñùu" /ljrKh
wysñùu" wOHdmkh" fi!LH wysñùu" fmdaIKh fkdue;sj úúO wkd:
l|jqre" <ud .ïudk yd <ud ksjdi j, fldgqjk <uqka m%udKh
w;súYd,h ^ Wmqgd .ekSu - Èjhsk
mqj;am;&
<ud wmfhdack iïnkaOj C%shd lrk wdh;k
Èia;%sla <ud whs;sjdislï lñgqj" udkj ysñlï fldñiu" rdcH
fkdjk ixúOdk" fmd,sia ia:dk" mßjdi ld¾hd, Èia;%slal uÜgu ksfhdackh
lrñka <ud wmfhdackhka je<elaùug mshjr .kS' fuys§ Wmfoia iemhSu"
uÕfmkaùu" jeäÿr mÍlaIK fufyhùu yd <uhskaf.a Wmßu hym; i|yd Wmßu
C%shdud¾. .ekSu lrkq ,efí'
cd;sl <ud rlaIK wêldßh" mßjdi yd <udrlaIK
fomd¾;fïka;=j" udkj ysñlï fldñiu fï hgf;a .efka' fï u.ska whs;sjdislï
W,a,x>Kh lsÍu ms<sn| fufyhqï yd iqmßlaIdjka m%;sm;a;s ixj¾Okh yd Wmfoia
ms<sn| j.lSuo orhs'
f;dr;=re ùuiSu i|yd fhduqjkak'
fmd,sia <ud yd ldka;d ld¾hdxY uQ,ia:dkh"
wxl 16"mdf.dv mdr"
kqf.af.dv'
,sx.sl w;jr
Y%s,xld o'kS'i 345 j.ka;shg wkqj ,sx.sl w;jr lsÍfï jrog jir myla
olajdjQ isro~qjï kshu lsßug;a ov uqo,la wh lsßug;a kS;sfhka l%shd lsßfï yelshdj
mj;s'jpkhlska"l%shdjlska"fyda bÕshlska jqjo ,sx.sl bßhõ weÕfjk
wldrfhka lghq;= lsßu ,sx.sl w;jrhla f,i ie,fla'ldka;djlg fyda <uqkg wiNH
fhdackdjka lsßu",sx.sl;ajh iïnkaO jpk lshñka ,Êcdjg m;alsÍu hkdÈh mjd by; j.ka;shg
we;=,;a fõ'fmdÿ m%jdyk fiajfhaÈ fndfyda l;=kg fujks ,sx.sl w;jr isÿjk nj
fkdryils'tysÈ isrer iam¾Y lsÍu"ldka;djf.a Yßrhg fya;a;= ùu ,sx.sl
ysßyerhla f,i i,lkq ,efí';u fiajd
ia:dkfhaÈ jqjo fujekaklg uqyqk mEug isÿúh yel'
ia;%s¥IKh
,xld oKav kS;s ix.%yh 1995 wxl 22 ys 363 jk j.ka;shg wkqj my; olajd
we;s wjia:d mfyka ljr wjia:djl fyda ldka;djl iu. ,sx.slj tlaùu ia;%s¥IKhls'
jhi wjqreÿ 16 g wvq .eyekq <uhl=f.a leu;a; we;sj fyda ke;sj weh
iu. ,sx.slj tlaùu ia;%s¥IKhls'
ldka;djlg u;aøjH fyda uOHidr ,nd § fyda iysúl,a jQ miq weh leu;s
lrjd .ksñka ,sx.slj tlajqjo th ia;%s¥IKhls'
n,y;aldrfhka";¾ckh lsßfuka"kS;s úfrdaê f,iska r|jd.ksñka
ldka;djl ìh .kajd weh leu;s lrjd .ksñka ,sx.slj tlajqjo th ia;%s¥IKhls'
iajdïmqreIhd nj jHdcj wÕjd ,sx.slj yeisÍu'
kS;sfhka fjkaj isák Nd¾hdj iu. wehf.a leu;a; fkdue;sj ,sx.slj tlaùu'
ia;%s¥IKhla i|yd kshu l, yels o~qjï o'kS'i 364 j.ka;sfha olajd
we;'tkï
jir y;;a úiai;a w;r ld,hl
nrm;< jev iys; isro~qjï
jkaÈ uqo,la kshu lsÍu
,xld oKav kS;s ix.%yh 364 ^2& j.ka;shg wkqj iqúfYaIs wjia:d
lsysmhlÈ ia;%s¥IKhlg isro~qjï iu. jkaÈ uqo,lao kshu l, yel'
rcfha ks,Odßhl= ;u ks, ;;ajh Ndú;d lr ia;%s ¥IKhla isÿ l<
wjia:djl
rlaIK ksjdihl fyda w;awvx.=fõ isák ia;%shla ¥IKh lsÍu
frday,a .; ia;%shla frday,a ld¾huKav,h úiska ¥IKh lsÍu
.¾N‚ ia;%shla ¥IKh lsÍu
jhi wjqreÿ 18 wvq ia;%shla ¥IKh lsÍu
YdÍrl wdndO"udkisl wdndO iys; ia;%shla ¥IKh lsÍu
lKavdhula úiska ia;%shla ¥IKh lsÍu
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